Lingaliroli ndi laukadaulo wamitengo yolimbana ndi nkhungu, ndipo makamaka ikugwirizana ndi njira yotsutsana ndi nkhungu, nkhuni zotsutsana ndi nkhungu ndi ntchito zake.Njira yotsutsana ndi nkhuni yopangira nkhuni yoperekedwa ndi yankho ili ikuphatikizapo njira zotsatirazi: kuchita chithandizo chotsika kutentha kwa nkhuni kuti mupeze nkhuni zowonongeka;kutentha kwa mankhwala otsika kutentha ndi -30-70 ° C;kuchita mankhwala sing'anga kutentha pa otsika kutentha ankachitira nkhuni kupeza yachiwiri mankhwala Wood;mkombero otsika kutentha mankhwala ndi sing'anga kutentha mankhwala osachepera kawiri kupeza mildew umboni nkhuni;kuzungulira kumayambira pamankhwala otsika kutentha.Kupangaku kumawononga khoma la cell ndi nembanemba yama cell a nkhuni kudzera mumankhwala otsika kutentha, kotero kuti michere m'maselo imatuluka;kudzera mu njira zingapo zochepetsera kutentha komanso kutentha kwapakati, gwero lazakudya lofunika kuti mabakiteriya akule limathetsedwa, ndipo mphamvu yolimbana ndi nkhuni imakula bwino.Njira yotsutsa-mildew ya nkhuni yoperekedwa ndi ndondomekoyi imasunga mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a chipikacho chokha ndipo imakhala ndi chitetezo chabwino cha chilengedwe.
Chiyambi cha Wood mildew:
Mitengo yomwe yangodulidwa kumene ndi yosavuta kuumba ngati palibe njira zotetezera zoyenera zomwe zimatengedwa panthawi yoyendetsa ndi kusungirako, kukonza ndi kugwiritsira ntchito, zomwe sizimangokhudza maonekedwe a maonekedwe ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wachuma, komanso zimapanga mikhalidwe ya kuukira kwa bowa zina.Bowa omwe ali m'tizilombo tating'onoting'ono amawononga kwambiri matabwa ndipo sakhudza kulemera ndi mphamvu ya nkhuni.Nkhungu nthawi zambiri imapezeka pamitengo pamodzi ndi mafangasi ena, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulekanitsa nkhungu ndi kuvunda ndi bowa wosintha mtundu.Koma chifukwa chakuti bowa wa binguwo amaberekana mofulumira kwambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri amalepheretsa kumera kwa bowa wina.Bowa wa bingu amawononga nkhuni makamaka pomwetsa shuga ndi wowuma mu nkhuni monga gwero la chakudya, popanda kuwononga khoma la cell komanso kukhala wopanda mphamvu pa mphamvu ya nkhuni, koma amatha kukulitsa matabwa.Nkhungu imatha kupangitsa nkhuni kupanga madontho amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndikupanga mawanga otuwa, obiriwira, ofiira achikasu, obiriwira abuluu ndi mawanga ena owoneka bwino pamitengo.Chifukwa chomwe bowawa amatha kuyambitsa mawanga ndikuti spores za pigment kapena hyphae zimadziunjikira pamwamba pa nkhuni, kapena nkhuni zimaipitsidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira.Mawanga achikasu, ofiira, obiriwira ndi oderapo amamangiriridwa pamitengo., kawirikawiri akhoza kuchotsedwa ndi bulichi, waya burashi kapena kuzimiririka pambuyo kuyanika, koma nkhungu amakula kwa nthawi yaitali, banga limalowa mu matabwa CHIKWANGWANI, chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa makina katundu matabwa ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu ya nkhuni. .
Wood mildew imayamba chifukwa cha bowa wowoneka bwino kwambiri, womwe umawononga matabwa ndi zinthu zamatabwa, ndipo zikavuta kwambiri, umabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachuma.Miyezo yamtengo wapatali ya plywood, veneer, mipando ndi zinthu zokongoletsera zamatabwa m'dziko langa zili ndi zoletsa madontho a buluu ndi mildew, ndipo zogulitsa kunja zimafuna Stricter, mildew siziloledwa.Mayiko akunja amasamalira kwambiri anti-blueing ndi anti-mildew.dziko langa limayang'aniranso kwambiri za mankhwala odana ndi blueing ndi mildew a mitengo ya rabara, nsungwi ndi zinthu zina zotumizidwa kunja..Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zoteteza nkhalango zachilengedwe, kupititsa patsogolo ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa matabwa ndi nsungwi, komanso kusintha kwa msika wamitengo komwe kumabwera chifukwa cholowa nawo mu WTO, matabwa odana ndi buluu komanso njira zothana ndi mildew zidzakhala zofunika kwambiri.Kusindikizidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa muyezo wadziko lonse wa CBT18621-2013 "Njira Yoyesera ya Kuwongolera Mphamvu kwa Antifungal Agents pa Wood Mold ndi Discoloration Fungus" kwapereka chilimbikitso pakufufuza kwina ndi chitukuko cha ma antifungal agents atsopano kwa anthu.Kungowoneka masango ambiri a spore, akhale akuda, amakhalanso obiriwira obiriwira: khalani mawanga akuda pamtunda wamatabwa.Nthawi zambiri nkhungu zimakula mwamphamvu kwambiri pamene chinyezi chamlengalenga chili pamwamba pa 90%.
Zikhungu zina zimatha kuchitika pamitengo yokhala ndi chinyezi cha 20%, motero nkhungu zamitengo zimalimbana ndi zovuta kuposa bowa wowola nkhuni.Kukaniza mankhwala kwa nkhungu ndikwambiri kuposa kuonda kwa bowa.Mwachitsanzo, paini wotetezedwa (Pinus spp.) amatha kuteteza ndi kulamulira bowa wambiri wowola nkhuni, koma sikuti sangathe kuletsa kukula kwa nkhungu zambiri, komanso akhoza kulimbikitsa kukula kwa nkhungu.Komanso nkhungu zambiri zimalimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri.Kuwonongeka kwa nkhungu pamipangidwe yaying'ono ya singano ndi mitengo ya paini yotakata ndi yofanana ndi bowa wosintha mtundu.Pamikhalidwe yabwino, imathanso kuyambitsa nkhuni zowola mofewa monga mafangasi osintha mtundu.Zikhungu zina zimawonongeka pang'ono pamakoma a cell cell.Nkhungu ndi bowa wosintha mtundu makamaka amatenga ma polysaccharides m'maselo amatabwa, ndipo hyphae nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'maselo ambiri a ray parenchyma.Kulowa kwa hyphae kumachitika makamaka kudzera mumpata wa ulusi.
Wood mold inhibitor:
Zothandizira zowongolera nkhungu ndi kusinthika kwamitengo zimatchulidwa pamodzi kuti zoletsa nkhungu.Ma halogenated phenols ndi mchere wawo wa sodium (monga pentachlorophenol ndi sodium pentachlorophenate ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Popeza kuti ma carcinogens amapezeka mu pentachlorophenol, mayiko ambiri aletsa kapena kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito halophenol antifungal agents panga matabwa. kukhudzana ndi thupi la munthu, ndi kudzipereka tokha kafukufuku ndi chitukuko otsika poizoni antifungal agents, organic ayodini (IPBC), chlorothalonil (chlorothalonil), quaternary ammonium salt (DDAC, BAC), triazoles, Quinoline (CU-8) , naphthenate (copper naphthenate) odana ndi mildew ndi madontho a buluu akuwonetsa kuti nthawi zambiri pamakhala mtunda waukulu pakati pa zotsatira za mayeso a kawopsedwe amkati ndi ntchito zothandiza, ndipo mayeso am'munda ayenera kuchitidwa kuti awonetsere matabwa odana ndi mafangasi Pali mitundu yambiri. Kulimbana ndi nkhungu, komanso kukana kwa mankhwala kumasintha kwambiri; kukana kwamankhwala kwa nkhungu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kolimba kuposa mabakiteriya osintha mtundu; kuchuluka kwa mankhwala amadzimadzi popewa komanso kuchiza madontho abuluu ndi nkhungu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitengo m'madera osiyanasiyana sizingakhale ndendende. momwemonso.Pofuna kukulitsa ntchito yayikulu ya anti-fungal agents Kugonana, kusintha mphamvu ya bactericidal, adafufuzanso ndikupanga ma antifungal ambiri amtundu wa nkhuni kunyumba ndi kunja.
Chidziwitso cha njira zingapo zopewera nkhungu:
Malinga ndi kuyambika kwa David kuchokera ku gzzxsc, wopanga matabwa othana ndi fungal, njira zochizira matabwa zimatha kuthandizidwa ndi kuyanika, kufukiza kwa sulfure, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, antifungal wosakanikirana ndi madzi, ndi antifungal wosakanikirana ndi madzi.Wood imakhala ndi anti-mildew kukana kukokoloka kwa nkhungu ndi nkhungu.Fakitale iliyonse yopangira matabwa, fakitale yamipando kapena fakitale ya handicraft imatha kusankha njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira matenda a mildew malinga ndi momwe fakitaleyo ilili.
1. Njira yowumitsa popewa nkhungu zamatabwa:
Mitengo imauma, ndipo zida zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa nkhuni.Kuyanika kwachipinda chopangira ng'anjo kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito zipinda zowumitsira matabwa kuti ziume.Ikhoza kuwongolera mwanzeru mikhalidwe yowumitsa kuti iume nkhuni, zomwe zimatchedwa kuyanika m'chipinda kapena kuyanika m'ng'anjo.Pakali pano, mu matabwa kuyanika kupanga kunyumba ndi kunja, ochiritsira chipinda kuyanika nkhani 85% -90% ya matabwa kuyanika kupanga.Gwero la kutentha lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chowotcha cha nthunzi, chomwe chiyenera kukhala ndi chowotcha cha nthunzi.Njira imeneyi ndi yokwera mtengo.Ngakhale zimatha kuchepetsa chinyezi, sizingathetse vutoli.Mwachitsanzo, malo omwe nkhuni zimasungidwa zimakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, ndipo nkhuni zimayamwanso chinyezi, zomwe zidzawonjezera chinyezi cha nkhuni ndikuyambitsa nkhungu.Njira iyi yopewera nkhungu yamatabwa Ndi yoyenera kusungirako nkhuni kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kusungirako nyengo ndi chinyezi chochepa komanso kutentha.
2. Njira yofukizira sulfure popewa nkhungu zamatabwa:
Poyamba, sulfure fumigation ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza mildew, dzimbiri ndi tizilombo mu nkhuni, ndi chinyezi mu nkhuni ankafunika kukhala wamkulu kuposa 5%.Sulfur fumigation ndi kuti mpweya wa sulfure ndi nthunzi wa madzi zimatha kuchitapo kanthu kupanga sulfure dioxide, yomwe imayikidwa mu ulusi wamatabwa pansi pa kupanikizika kwabwino kwa mphindi 25.Kuyaka kwa sulfure kudzapanga sulfure dioxide, yomwe idzapitirira kwambiri muyezo.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sulfure imakhala ndi zitsulo zolemera monga lead ndi mercury, zomwe zingayambitsenso poizoni wa lead kapena mercury poizoni m'thupi la munthu.Chifukwa cha zofunikira zachitetezo cha chilengedwe, njira iyi yopewera nkhungu yamatabwa siyikulimbikitsidwa.
3. Njira yopopera mankhwala pofuna kupewa nkhungu:
Njirayi ndi yoyenera kuchiza nsungwi ndi matabwa.etc.) Ngati anyowa ndi odana ndi mafangasi wothandizira, zingachititse mapindikidwe, kotero inu mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuni odana ndi mafangasi wothandizila kupopera pamwamba pake, ndi mwachindunji kukaonana ndi odana ndi mafangasi wothandizira katundu kugula nkhuni mofulumira odana ndi mafangasi wothandizira. chithandizo.Kwa mafakitale a nsungwi ndi matabwa, mzere wa msonkhano ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo zida zopopera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimatha kukhazikitsidwa pamzere wa msonkhano.Makinawo akazindikira kuti mbaleyo ikudutsa, mphunoyo imangotulutsa antifungal antifungal kuti iphimbe mbaleyo, ndipo zida zowumitsa zimatha kuwonjezedwa kumapeto kuti ziume.Njirayi ingachepetse kumwa ntchito ndi mankhwala.Ngati mlingowo ndi wawung'ono kapena ndizovuta kukhazikitsa bokosi lopopera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji sprayer kuti mupoperani mogawana pamwamba pa bolodi kapena gwiritsani ntchito chopopera choyera choviikidwa mu wothandizila kuti mutsuke pa bolodi.
4. Njira yonyowa popewa nkhungu zamatabwa:
Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti nsungwi, nkhuni, rattan, udzu, udzu ndi zinthu zawo zotetezedwa pambuyo pochiritsidwa, zilowerereni nkhuni ndi matabwa odana ndi mafangasi wothandizira katundu, komanso kulemera kwa nsungwi, nkhuni, rattan, ndipo udzu uyenera kuwonjezeka ndi 15% -20% (pafupifupi mphindi 5-10).Ndemanga: Madzi akuwukha amakonzedwa molingana ndi chiŵerengero cha 1:20 (5Kg nkhuni antifungal wothandizira: 100Kg madzi).Bamboo, matabwa, rattan, udzu ndi zinthu zawo zonse zimamizidwa mu mankhwala amadzimadzi okonzeka (osaulula pamwamba pa madzi), ndipo mutatha kulemera kwa 15% -20%, onjezerani kapena kuchepetsa nthawi yothira ndi kulemera molingana. pa chinyontho chowuma cha nsungwi nkhuni, ndiyeno tulutsani madontho a mankhwala amadzimadzi owuma, owumitsidwa ndi mpweya kapena owumitsidwa ndi dzuwa ndikusungidwa.Kusamalira matabwa akuluakulu a nsungwi kumafuna kumanga dziwe, lomwe ndi losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
5. Njira ya vacuum yoletsa nkhungu:
Njira ndiyo kuyika matabwa mumtsuko, ndikuchotsa mpweya mu cell cell kuti apange kupanikizika koyipa.Thirani njira yothetsera nkhuni ya antifungal mu chidebe pansi pa vacuum mikhalidwe, ndipo kusiyana pakati pa mkati ndi kunja kwa maselo kumapangitsa madzi kulowa mu nkhuni.Njira yochotsera vacuum imakhala ndi chithandizo chabwino komanso zida zake ndizosavuta.Nthawi zambiri, imatha kukhazikitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamabwalo akale akuluakulu, ma promenade, ndi malo okonza.Wonjezerani kupanikizika kwina mu chidebe chapadera chopanda mpweya, ndipo bayani matabwa a antifungal mu pores zamatabwa.Zotsatira za chithandizo cha kuthamanga ndi zabwino kuposa njira zina.The nkhuni antifungal wothandizira amalowa mozama ndikugawa mofanana.Kupanga mafakitale, linanena bungwe lalikulu, zosavuta kukwaniritsa kulamulira khalidwe, ambiri ntchito odana nkhungu ndi odana ndi dzimbiri mankhwala a nsungwi ndi matabwa ndi kachulukidwe mkulu ndi malowedwe ovuta mankhwala.Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti matabwa okonzedwa bwino amakonzedwa m'mapulojekiti akuluakulu komanso okhazikika a ma pavilions akale ndi ma promenade, matanki ang'onoang'ono opatsirana amatha kuyikidwanso ngati pakufunika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-03-2022
